Comparing observation and upfront surgery for kidney stones that cause no symptoms

You may qualify if

• Individuals age 6 or older
• Diagnosis of kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis)
• Asymptomatic, non-obstructive kidney stones measuring 4 to 10 mm (inclusive); Asymptomatic is defined as the absence of abdominal pain, flank pain, gross hematuria, and nausea and/or vomiting in the last 3 months that in the judgement of the site PI could be attributable to kidney stones.; Non-obstructive is defined as a stone in a renal calyx or stones in multiple renal calyces on CT, ultrasound, and/or x-ray obtained within 6 months of screening.
• Informed consent and if appropriate, child assent.
• Willingness to be randomized to surgery or observation Note: subjects otherwise eligible who decline randomization may be enrolled in a parallel observational cohort.
• Fluent in English or Spanish
• Willingness to be audio- and/or video- recorded during interviews

You can't join if

• Untreated hydronephrosis or caliectasis
• Pain (e.g., renal colic, abdominal pain) or gross hematuria attributed to kidney stones.
• Recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections (≥3 in 12 months or ≥2 in 6 months). A symptomatic urinary tract infection is defined as having at least one bladder or voiding symptom (e.g., frequency, urgency, dysuria) with bacteriuria (≥105 colony forming units/mL of no more than 2 urinary tract pathogens).
• Stone in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra
• Pregnant females
• Solitary kidney, transplant kidney, urinary diversion, medullary sponge kidney
• Anatomic abnormality of the kidney (e.g., horseshoe kidney)
• Parents/guardians or subjects who, in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures